Craniosacral therapy (CST) is a gentle hands-on technique that works with the soft tissue structures of the body aiming to release restrictions around the spinal cord and brain and subsequently restore body function (1). The craniosacral system is defined as a recognized, functioning physiological system, including the membranes and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) surrounding the spinal [...]
Cigarette smoking (CS) has clearly negative effects on the musculoskeletal system. Epidemiologic evidence also shows that smoking is a risk factor for chronic pain, including back pain. In terms of the musculoskeletal system, the relationships of cigarette smoking with the reduction of bone mineral content, osteoporosis and fractures are the best known. However, there is evidence of [...]
Approximately 70% of the population will have back pain at some point. Low-back pain (LBP) with associated leg pain due to a herniated intervertebral disc is one of the most severe and disabling forms of back pain. Many treatment options are available including chiropractic care, medication and surgery. A recently published cohort study examined 148 patients [...]
